

Both sides are saving face, India lost some fighters more than one for sure. But no clarity, pakistan claims they downed five, BBC independently verified one, some US officials said two planes were shot down. However it’s unclear if they were downed by Chinese made fighters or not, maybe they were. India confirmed that “losses are part of defense action”. Couple other experts pointed it looked like crash due to air-to-air missiles (but experts are all anoynums and from western countries). The problem is there was so much disinformation in Indian media, Pakistani media and Chinese media around that time. It’s next to impossible to say how the Rafale was downed, but at least downed Rafale is confirmed.
Exchange Traded Funds, basically these funds pool money from a lot of small investors and give you diversified portfolio. Basically if you try to mirror S&P 500 yourself, it’ll require about a few hundred thousand dollars to manage, but by pooling with other people you can have S&P 500 level diversification for 100$